4. As in, “Season 5 of Friends ran from 1998 to 1999,” or “My flight from New York to Los Angeles was delayed.”), Another way to use an en dash is to create complex compound adjectives. Em dash (—) or ( — ) What is an em dash? [, Juan tried begging, bribing, and even demanding cooperation from his staff—all of whom were swamped with other work—before he gave up and wrote the report himself. Even for native speakers, writing in English can be a challenge. Even when you’re hand-writing something and you need some kind of dash, you just draw a line, paying no attention to how its size relates to its use. This was a big debate between my editor and me when I was writing my book. The en dash is approximately the length of the letter n, and the em dash the length of the letter m. The shorter en dash (–) is used to mark ranges. a. processed lawfully, fairly and in a transparent manner in relation to individuals; c. Where consent is relied upon as a lawful basis for processing data, evidence of opt-in consent shall be kept with the personal data. b. The Register of Systems shall be reviewed at least annually. We use the em dash to create a strong break in the structure of a sentence. 5. Notwithstanding its versatility, the em dash is … Of the three similar types of punctuation—hyphens, en dashes, and em dashes—the en dash is generally the least common, and the most confusing. to indicate a break or interruption in thought or to separate a sentence from a bullet point. No one – not even the president – realized the company would have to dissolve so quickly. Uses of the em dash. There are built-in options that are … 8. Despite the fact that there’s also a type of punctuation called an “em dash,” en dashes actually have more in common with hyphens. The hyphen is the shortest of the three marks, and we use it most commonly to combine words (making compounds such as “well-being” and “advanced-level,” for example) and to separate numbers that are not inclusive (in phone numbers and Social Security numbers, for example). There are also predicate functions that return true it the character is a single quote, double quote or a dash. We can use these dashes in pairs, as we would use parentheses—that is, to enclose a word, or a phrase, or a clause (as we’ve done here)—or they can be used alone to detach one end of a sentence from its main body. The Business shall ensure that personal data is stored securely using modern software that is kept-up-to-date. But the biggest difference between the em dash vs. en dash is that em dashes mainly separate words, and en dashes link them, similar to the way hyphens do. (The symbol above the hyphen is an underline, not a dash.) This policy applies to all personal data processed by the Business. Without dash: The man from Ames, Iowa, arrived. They look very similar and are sometimes used for the same purpose (depending on what style guide you use). The hyphen, em dash and en dash crop up all the time while you’re using Microsoft Word, but most of us don’t know why and we use the different dashes inconsistently. (A common myth holds that the en dash is, in fact, the width of a typesetter’s letter “N,” whereas the em dash is the width of the letter “M”—thus their names. All data processed by the Business must be done on one of the following lawful bases: consent, contract, legal obligation, vital interests, public task or legitimate interests (see ICO guidance for more information). GDPR means the General Data Protection Regulation. b. collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a manner that is incompatible with those purposes; further processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes shall not be considered to be incompatible with the initial purposes; You’re or Your? On Windows it's...less simple: you need to use an alt code to get an em dash. a. Review the following for workarounds: En Dash. Where necessary for the lawful basis on which data is processed, steps shall be put in place to ensure that personal data is kept up to date. The en dash (–) is longer than a hyphen but shorter than an em dash. How I use en dashes and em dashes En dashes: Sybrand Engelbrecht (1814–2177): Unspaced en dash. In the event of a breach of security leading to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, personal data, the Business shall promptly assess the risk to people’s rights and freedoms and if appropriate report this breach to the ICO (more information on the ICO website). Think about it—when do you use a hyphen vs. a dash? Our British and Canadian readers—and, indeed, any English-speaking reader outside the U.S.—should consult the style manual to which they default. Dashes replace otherwise mandatory punctuation, such as the commas after Iowa and 2020 in the following examples:. Instead, … Now we have options. Glitter, felt, yarn, and buttons—his kitchen looked as if a clown had exploded. Definitions The en dash (–) is a bit wider than the hyphen (-) and narrower than the em dash (—). little grammar rules to follow that make you seem smarter! The em dash is—you guessed it—the width of a capital M. Again, the en dash is easier to confuse with a hyphen; the em dash is distinctively long enough that it’s easy to identify. Each new article will be delivered to your e-mail address. An em dash is a punctuation mark that can be used in place of other punctuation and can add style. If you have a numeric keyboard, hold down the Alt key and type 0151 for an em dash or 0150 for an en dash. Use Em Dashes to Set Off Parenthetical Information Article 5 of the GDPR requires that personal data shall be The en dash can be typed as Alt + 0150. The conference will be held June 30 – July 2 on Hilton Head Island. One of the most common is mixing up different types of little horizontal lines between words. Last updated 1/29/19 On a Mac, the keyboard shortcut Option + Dash (-) makes an en dash, and Option + Shift + Dash (-) makes an em dash. The instructions were written on pages 33–47. Website Design by FGM Internet Marketing, LLC. January–December: Unspaced en dash. If your writing looks professional, so do you. General provisions Span or range of numbers. Get It Write Online With dash: The man—he was from Ames, Iowa—arrived. The long dash is the widest of the three horizontal marks that may be used in the middle of a sentence. We can also choose en and em dashes from a menu of symbols that do not appear on the keyboard. Em-dashes mark a pause, setting one part of a sentence off from the other, as in a parenthetical or appositive (“The weather—which was unseasonably hot—oppressed them.”, “I … Parentheses tend to downplay an idea; they suggest that the information in them is helpful but not necessary. Below I explain what each dash is used for, provide examples, and show you how to create these marks in different word processors. They’re or Their? 6. But when you’re typing, it’s a nuanced puzzle of meanings and keystrokes. This is easier than you think, and a very practical English lesson. Responsible Person means Nancy Tuten. to show other kinds of break in a sentence where a comma, semicolon, or colon would be traditionally used: One thing’s for sure—he doesn’t want to face the truth. Its use or misuse for this purpose is a matter of taste, and subject to the effect on the writer’s or reader’s “ear.”. Oxford’s New Hart’s Rules (NHR) refers to the ‘en rule’ and the ‘em rule’ whereas The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) discusses ‘en dashes’ and ‘em dashes’. [, No one—not even the president—realized the company would have to dissolve so quickly. If we had used a hyphen in place of each dash two sentences ago, it would seem as though we had hyphenated two pairs of words in the sentence: “tablets-all” and “course-for,” neither of which makes any sense. To mimic an En dash, type 2012 where you want the dash to appear.Then select the number you just typed, press Alt+X to convert it to a dash … Subscribe to have an article sent to your inbox once a week. Sometimes, an em dash is used in the same manner as a bullet point or to show an interruption between two people engaged in a dialogue. The hyphen, the em dash, and the en dash are all horizontal marks of varying lengths. Some say to use the en dash instead of the em dash, while others go so far as to advocate using the hyphen, advice that would lead to confusion for readers, as we have noted above. Archiving / removal Before word processing, we had to make an em dash by typing two hyphens. Without dash: The May 1, 2020, edition of the Ames Sentinel arrived in June. If a comma (or a pair of them) works, use it. Dashes are particularly useful in a sentence that is long and complex or in one that contains a number of commas, as in this example: If we confuse the em dash with the hyphen, we make a sentence virtually impossible to read. If you want to replace the Em dash or En dash with a normal hyphen, type the hyphen after removing the Em or En dash. Get It Write uses cookies to enhance your experience on our website. In fact, an em is a typographical unit of measurement.). The Responsible Person shall take responsibility for the Business’s ongoing compliance with this policy. Mac users also have another option: For an em dash, simultaneously press the shift, option, and minus keys. Rule 2. (Note: If you use the word “from” to introduce these ranges, you need to use the word “to,” not an en dash. Typically the writer is telling the reader that the information being set off by em dashes is important. c. adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary in relation to the purposes for which they are processed; To type a hyphen in html or Microsoft Word, just press the hyphen key. Can you spot any errors in the use of the hyphen, the en dash, or the em dash in the following sentences? First, it may be used to indicate a range—of numbers, of distances, or of times—between two terms. Things have changed a lot in the last year—mainly for the better. In this video I will discuss the difference between the EN dash and the EM dash. 7. That said, here are guidelines for typing on many keyboards: British/Canadian style guides seem wildly inconsistent on the issue of the em and en dash. The instructions were written on pages 33-47. It gets its name—no big surprise here—because it's the width of an M. This punctuation mark is used primarily in informal writing in place of a comma, colon, semicolon, or parentheses to provide emphasis. It is significantly longer than the hyphen. For an en dash, press the option and minus keys. The Associated Press style (always the outlier) insists on spacing both before and after the em dash. The archiving policy shall consider what data should/must be retained, for how long, and why. d. Where communications are sent to individuals based on their consent, the option for the individual to revoke their consent should be clearly available and systems should be in place to ensure such revocation is reflected accurately in the Business’s systems. Data Protection Policy An en dash surrounded by spaces achieves the same effect as an em dash with no spaces, but typographically it is less disruptive. d. Appropriate back-up and disaster recovery solutions shall be in place. This can happen when one of the things is a name, as in, “a Paul McCartney–style guitarist.” But any two words that are being linked with another need an en dash, not a hyphen: “Despite being in the second grade, your child exhibits fifth grade–level reading comprehension.”. The em dash has several uses. Which brings us to the em dash. Each functions differently from the others. It’s or Its? Terminology Dashes are sometimes referred to as ‘rules’, especially in the UK. 9. In spring 2017, her creative nonfiction piece "Anticipation" was published in Angles literary magazine. Register of Systems means a register of all systems or contexts in which personal data is processed by the Business. It’s the middle one of the three in terms of size—bigger than a hyphen, smaller than an em dash. It is called n dash because in some traditional fonts, it is as wide as the letter “n.” An en-dash is generally used in two situations. The em dash (— or -- [on an old-fashioned typewriter]) is the most commonly used type of dash and is often simply referred to as a dash.

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